Professional engineers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Professional engineers - Assignment Example The modern day Engineer has the obligation to conduct their operations in an ethical manner. Several accidents result from negligence on the part of the Engineer or from not following the standards set out for conducting these activities. One such accident was the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in which the vehicle burst into flames shortly after taking off killing all the crew. The president of the United States set up a commission to investigate the cause of the accident that found that the accident was as a result of the failure of the O-ring seals and that the seals had been cited as a potential hazard years before the accident. The commissions report to the president indicated that since managers and engineers had prior knowledge of the O-ring danger, lack of proper communication between management and the engineers and poor management practices were the principle causes of the disaster. This interpretation is however insufficient if the history of how NASA and contracto r’s engineers had detected and dealt with the defects on the O-rings before the launch. According to Andrew Dunar and Stephen Waring in Power To Explore-History of Marshall Space Flight Center 1960-1990, ‘Allowing Marshall engineers and managers to offer their side of their story, based on documents before and after the accident testimony and interviews leads to a more realistic account of the events leading up to the accident than that found in the previous studies.’ It is therefore important that I highlight some of the ethical issues raised in order to understand the obligations of professional engineers as a way of preventing the occurrence of such disasters. While engineering ethics principles are easy to formulate, they are sometimes hard to apply and decisions made by professional engineers must be considered on the context of the technical details of the design. It should be seen that ethical principles are not violated to avoid the probability of acciden ts due to such considerations as of finance. The NASA space Shuttle Challenger burst into flames about 73 minutes after liftoff killing seven people on board. The crew team included: Francis R. Scobee as the commander, Michael John Smith ( who was the pilot), Ellison Onizuka ( the missions 1st Specialist ), Judith Resnik (Mission 2nd Specialist), Ronald McNair (Mission third Specialist ), Christa McAuliffe (Payload 1st Specialist ), and Gregory B. Jarvis (Payload 2 nd Specialist ). The commission realized that on the evening prior to the launch Morton Thiokol, the contractor supplying the seals had recommended during a teleconference that the launch be delayed due to concerns about the performance of the seals. This recommendation was however reversed during the teleconference leading to the disaster. In trying to understand, the probable causes of the accident during investigations care take care not to such as the myth of perfect engineering practice and that of retrospective fall acy. There is no such thing as perfect engineering practice and simply identifying what standard steps were not followed during the design is not enough in assigning the cause of accident. Moreover, looking back in retrospect at what important decisions should/could have been made is sometimes misleading, as investigators will always try to assign blame. In order to underst

Module 5 Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 5 Reflections - Essay Example The quiz was one of the most challenging compared to the ones done in the previous. This is ironical because, the module featured most of the concepts that had been approached in the previous modules. Therefore, even before engaging in the study I had assumed that I knew the concepts well. This assumption proved to be the challenge to the realization of a good mark in the test. One thing that I learnt through this is to be careful to internalize concepts while keeping track on revising so that I do not forget what has been previously learnt. Despite the quiz being challenging, I did not expect to miss a whole nine questions. The question that I would like the instructor to give further insight is on the distinction between triangulation and explanatory methods. The major area that proved challenging was n elucidating and comprehending the experimental designs. Of particular concern was the mixed methods design. I remember vividly, the lecturer talk about the rationale for mixing as well as the importance of research questions in the study. For the later, I understood how to frame it as well as its significance in a research. The research question provides is the puzzle that is unmasked after the research is concluded. Drawing a thick line between triangulation, exploratory and explanatory mixed designs was a major challenge especially in the quiz where I missed two of the questions that were meant to establish an understanding of these three designs. Though I have been able to understand the bit of what these mixed methods are about distinguishing them is an uphill task. On the other hand, I would like to raise the question on what is the need for mixing the designs. However, going through the text I found powerful insight on why qualitati ve data should be mixed with quantitative data. The most striking thing that clearly caught my attention and proved to be a simplistic concept in the

Quilting - Foxes in the Poetry of Lucille Clifton Essay example -- Bio

Quilting - Foxes in the Poetry of Lucille Clifton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In 1942 Virginia Woolf read a paper to the Women’s Service League about "The Angel in the House." For Woolf, this "Angel" represented the voice in the back of the mind of a woman that was saying, "Never let anybody guess that you have a mind of your own" (1346). During Woolf’s time a woman was not supposed to write critically. Rather, a woman was supposed to "be sympathetic; be tender; flatter; deceive; use all the arts and wiles of her sex." Woolf writes of the need to "kill" this angel. She says, "Had I not killed her, she would have killed me" (1346). Thankfully today it is no longer considered improper for a woman to write critically and truthfully, but Lucille Clifton has her own "angel to kill" in some of her poetry. Clifton is a woman artist who uses her past experiences and those of her ancestors to write her poetry. Clifton uses the ideas of light and foxes to convey the joy she finds in being a woman poet, as well as the fear that an artist sometimes feels when first struck with an idea for a poem. The poems "telling our stories" and "the coming of fox" reveal the feelings of fear an artist may have when creating a work. In "telling our stories" Clifton compares a fox to a poet: the fox came every evening to my door asking for nothing. my fear trapped me inside, hoping to dismiss her but she sat till morning, waiting. at dawn we would, each of us, rise from our haunches, look through the glass then walk away. did she gather her village around her and sing of the hairless moon face, the trembling snout, the ignorant eyes? child, i tell you now it was not the animal blood i was hiding from, it was the poet in her, the poet and the terrib... ...ht some "terrible stories." By bringing to light these "terrible stories" a poet in effect slays the "angels" that kept her from writing. Every author has his/her own "angel" to slay. Lucille Clifton sees past the fear she has about what she might write about using her gift of poetry to "slay her angel." Works Cited Clifton, Lucille. Good Woman: Poems and a Memoir: 1969-1980. Rochester, NY: BOA, 1987. ---. Quilting: Poems 1987-1990. Rochester, NY: BOA, 1991. ---. The Terrible Stories. Brockport, NY: BOA, 1996. Rushing, Andrea Benton. "Lucille Clifton: A Changing Voice for Changing Times." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Inc, 1991. 79-81. Woolf, Virginia. "Professions for Women." The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women. Ed. Sandra M. Gilbert and S. Gubar. New York, NY: Norton, 1996. 1345-48.   

Joan of Arc Research Paper

Joan the young warrior who created an impact on the world Joan was a brave warrior, a loving character to everyone around her. Joan of Arc is one of the many women who have created a major impact on the world; though she started very young, she followed the instructions given by God through Saint Catherine to help unite France and drive the English out. Joan, as a child, was very well disciplined. Her father Jacques d’ Arc, was the village’s central farmer and head chief; he had a way of running things very harshly.She shared a room with her three older brothers; they equally shared chores which included working in the fields, caring for animals, or cleaning the house. Her father preferred her older brothers in a way where he would always ignore Joan. Joan attended church more than an average person would. During her free time she would spend constant hours praying to God. She was a devout Christian, and true to her faith. The villagers of the town loved her, â€Å"she was such a good girl that almost everyone in Domremy loved her. † –Williamson pg. 3.Her constant praying, and attendance in the church, categorized her as the laughing stock of Joan’s age group. In the presence of her older brothers, and her mother she was loved. Joan’s Father didn’t favor her, because having a daughter in the family would bring higher taxes. The Friar of Domremy saw Joan enter the chapel, Notre Dame de Bermont, many times throughout the day. Joan would walk up to the altar and pray to God then recite â€Å"The Lord’s Prayer† Joan was said to have loved the church bells so much they gave her joy. This encouraged her to praise, and pray to God more than she ever did.Joan was so close to God that the Angel St. Catherine, St. Margret, and St. Michael appeared to her when she was seven years of age. They told her to be a good girl, and to always go to church. She followed their instructions and every time that she attend church she would hear their voices speak to her. Joan contributed majorly in the time of harvest to help bring in the crop. She helped her mother with sewing, cooking, and gathering the rest of the family from the field to come home when dusk was near. Though she wanted to tell her mother about the visits from the angels, she vowed never to tell anyone in the town of Domremy.Joan at the age of sixteen acquired an important mission by God. It required her to go to the town of Chinon, where she would appoint the Dauphin, Charles VII, to be King of France. Joan traveled to a nearby town called Vaucouleurs to ask the local military captain Robert de Bradricourt for an escort to escort her to Chinon to see Charles VII. Sir Robert refused Joan’s request, and sent her to her uncle, Durand, who was currently living in Vaucouleurs to take Joan back to her father and â€Å"box her ears† (to slap her with the palm of their hand up across her head to make her deaf for a while. Dur and saw that Joan noticed that Sir Robert did not want to send her to go and see the Dauphin. Returning back to Vaucouleurs Joan asked Sir Robert for a third time. He had agreed, yet Joan already knew the answer, St. Catherine had already told her that he would finally say yes to her request. Her uncle provided her with armor, Sir Robert supplied Joan with, horses, food, and he brought along some men to assist them if trouble were to come along the way to Chinon. On their halfway point of their journey to Chinon, they camped along side a small river. The night was cold, and the days were cool, being so close to the winter season.In the morning they awoke to the sound of horse’s hooves pounding on the floor. Burgundians have just raided a nearby village, and have taken some captives, along with items from the village, and money. Joan hearing the cries of the captives, she went and attacked the Burgundians even though she didn’t know how to fight. Sir Robert knowing took his men and fought the group of Burgundians, they killed them without suffering any loses, or injuries; sending the Captives home along with some of the stolen items they couldn’t return, for the Burgundians have burned their Village down as they raided it.As Joan arrived in Chinon, word had spread throughout France that a young girl would come and claim to be the Maid of Orleans, as said in prophecy. As she entered Chinon, the people started to call her the Maid of Orleans. Joan corrected them, and told them that she wasn’t the Maid; she was just a mere messenger from God with a mission. She came to a conclusion on her mission, where she would appoint Charles VII as King of France. All she needed to do was talk to Charles and show him the sign that God wanted him to see. Joan considered that she would need to have an audience that had to be accepted.She went to the chapel to pray to God one last time before she met Charles. Before Joan had entered the room where Char les was, he decided to put together a test for Joan to see if her God was real or not. He would place a man in royal clothing and have him sit upon the throne, while Charles wore common gentleman’s clothing and hide in the crowd. Joan’s audience with Charles was accepted; with the test prepared they allowed her to enter the room. Upon reaching the throne she turned and walked up to Charles hidden in the crowd dressed in commoners clothing. Joan kneeled replying â€Å"Gentle Dauphin, God give you long life. -Hall, pg. 4 The Dauphin declined being Charles, yet she says the one sitting on the throne is but a mere gentleman and that the man in front of her is Charles. She said God had shown her where Charles was located in the room. The town of Orleans was under Siege of England. Its forces were so great that all hope in retaking Orleans’s was lost. The Dauphin was very impressed with Joan that he allowed her to face the enemy and clear a way for him to get to Rhei ms where he would be crowned King of France. The guards and captains scoffed at the idea that a teenage girl would be leading their army.Joan argued with the men about them saying that God won’t lead them to victory against the English, yet Joan cried it is God who gives the victory, and the men are the one’s who must fight. With a small band of men she traveled to Orleans, she rose against the English forces and won the battle for Orleans. She then declared herself to be commanded by her Saints that she could do anything through God’s power. Before the band of men and Joan set their course for Orleans Saint Catherine instructed Joan to travel to a nearby town of Fierbois and go to the church that is located there.She followed Saint Catherine’s instructions and traveled to the town of Fierbois. She knelt at the altar and began to pray to God. A sword crimson and gold scabbard was given to her. Now she set her travels to raise arms at the town of Orleans, and reclaim the city. Joan entered the outskirts of the city of Orleans where she would plan a battle strategy to drive the English out, though the Lord did not want Joan to use her sword and avoid shedding blood. Following God’s instructions Joan sent a letter to the English saying that they should listen to the commands that God has, and leave France.England declined the response and killed the messenger who presented the letter to them. Joan not wanting to start a battle was forced to by their reply. Many lives were lost heavily on both sides and Joan was wounded in the process, yet with her wound she still pressed on showing her courage and will to carry on through the strength of God. The battle for Orleans was won, and the town was back in France’s hands. The Dauphin Charles VII was now on his way to Rheims to be crowned as king of France. Joan’s victory has brought much hope to the remaining towns, and cities in territory of France along with more men to fill up Joan’s army.Joan had fulfilled her promises to God that she would help Charles VII become King of France. In the mid summer of July Charles VII had become King of France, and he had helped complete Joan’s mission. Joan stated at the day of Charles’s coronation â€Å"Gentle King,† she cried, in a voice with broken tears, â€Å"now is God’s pleasure fulfilled, who willed that I should raise the siege of Orleans and lead you to Rheims to receive your consecration. Now has He shown that you are a true King, and that France belongs to you alone. †-Hall pg. 9.Joan was told that she had to last a year, and from now and onward she fought like a high general, but with a great inspiration. Her next instructions were to take over Paris, yet these instructions weren’t from God but from Charles VII. The taking of Paris was none compared to the struggle of Orleans, but much more difficult. The English along with the Burgundians held hostile Paris. They had only one weakness and that was the fear that the Maid of Orleans would come and over take them. They knew in order to still hold France’s territory they had to remove Joan from the picture.They meet with Charles VII and held an agreement that they would give France’s capitol, Paris, back if they would hand Joan over to the English. Charles thinking of the matter of gaining Frances major city back, utterly agreed to the offer. Charles told Joan to prepare the troops and march onward to the city of Paris. Joan began to have pride in herself, and began calling herself the Maid of Orleans. She began her Journey to Paris with an army behind her along with the man who helped her begging her Journey Sir Robert Bradricourt. With the Help of God, and Her staff she claimed they will take Paris.The battle was lost and Joan was captured by the English and many of her men’s lives were now gone. Joan now a prisoner was forced to obey everything. The queen of Burgundy saw Joan and treated her with respect for she was the Maid of Orleans. The Queen released Joan only to go back with the Queen to give her anything that Joan would ask for. Joan only wished to go back with her army, but the queen declined telling her she wouldn’t return to France and that she would fight for England. Joan still a prisoner under the Queen was soon no longer in good care.The queen had died and soon Joan was taken away as a captive under France only to be treated horribly. Joan was trialed to court and charged for heresy, and witchcraft. Joan was trialed by the church. The church linked that Charles VII was in association with the devil. The trial was held in the Chapel Royal at Rouen Castle. The judge’s job was to prove that Joan was a heretic by using the means of torturing her to confess her sins and return to the church. They asked her question which included â€Å"what language did Joan’s Saints use? Were they naked? †-Williamso n pg. 28.Joan laughed at the idea and replied to the questions truthfully. She had told the church everything that she had been through and everything that Saint Catherine, Saint Margret, and Saint Michael had told her. The church didn’t believe anything that Joan said and believe it was all blasphemy and the voices that she heard of were from the devil. They told her in order to escape the penalty of death she must recant everything that she said and say it was all a lie. Cauchon one of the judgers of the trial, threated Joan by burning her arm with fire, to give a feel at what burning on the stake was like.Out of fear Joan recanted everything she had said. Being alone in her prison cell she asked God for his forgiveness, and to take her sins away. She rebuked all of her pride, which she fell on at the battle to reclaim Paris. In the process of being in prison the guards had her their way with her, she was raped, beaten, and treated horribly. She again said she un recanted a nd she took back what she said. On May 30 Joan was taken to the Market of the towns center and she was burned at the steak. Many of Joan’s army men were there hidden in disguise.Sir Robert Bradricourt wept along with other men at the sight of the one they fought along side with , and believed in was dying in front of them. Witness at the scene said her heart never burned. A statue of Joan was place in Paris forever in memory of her. With Joan’s life being so short, she accomplished the mission that was appointed to her. She created an impact on both England, and France. Joan proved that with God all things are possible, even for a girl at sixteen. Joan’s actions will forever be in History, along with all of the other great women, and men of the world.

Losing Weight: Lifetime and Commitment

Dieting Is a hard task to do If you do not have the right tools to accomplish It Besides there is so many diets and exercise regimes out there in today's world that it is enough to confuse a person. It Is going to be a challenge and a personal goal for some people. How about you? Do you want to make a life time change to get your body, mind and soul on track and plus keep off for life, too? It is all about making a life change in helping people get control of there body and emotions and well-being.Many overweight people have other deficiencies in there body for they are not eating he right foods and getting the right nutrients to satisfy there bodies. They are usually nervous, irritable, moody, depressed, and feel sluggish all the time of which makes them not think clearly and have little or no energy to do there dally tasks In life. When people do not have a balanced diet and exercise regime they are constantly hungry and feel sluggish. Remember you have choices In life so make the right choice.By making a life time change and commitment to change bad habits and exercise will help anyone have positive results as live longer and maintain weight. First, you need to have a goal as to how much weight you want or need to lose. So you need to set the goal but do not set a time limit and give your self adequate time to reach it. Take as many steps as possible to reach that ultimate goal. You and everyone else can do this if you Just keep your eyes focused on the goal.People should really go too quiet place and really search down deep in side your self if you have the guts to do it or not and the commitment in doing this for there body and mind and soul. So think about if you really want this and then go do it for yourself. It would not hurt togged kind of a support team to help keep you titivated and then when It gets rough sometimes and you want to quit you will have this and won't give up. You could go to friends, loved ones, churches, diet groups and maybe come up with one but you do need to choose one. Choosing one will help give support when needed and enjoyment through your program that you chose.Rather a team Is better than one to help you reach your goals In life. Secondly, you need to choose a diet and exercise program to start to reach that ultimate goal. To find the right diet take a look at your body and analyze it to see what you need to work on In order to reach your goal. Do some research on it. Like look up different diets and chose one and same goes for the exercise program It Is actually what ever fits that person but to tell you the truth I personally found a diet after doing the Atkins Diet that really works and keeps you satisfied all day.I found that the Atkins Diet was high in fats that can raise your cholesterol and lead more to heart disease. It would keep your blood pressure up and definitely is not good for your body. We all know that none of this Is good for they don't care about there persons or natural sugar that o we not harm you. These are suppose to work together for you to lose weight. Len the Atkins Diet you only lose up to approximately 10 lbs. A month compared to the Venetian Wellness Diet.The Venetian Wellness Diet where you can eat all day long and feel full and not be Irritable. It Is all with good wholesome food and filling content with it. You still eat protein, veggies, fruits, and not breads of pasta or rice not unless It Is brown. Most of the foods maybe organic It will give It a more natural 1 OFF feeling and better tort you to eat. The change is g tort the wellness tort your body. You limit your dairy and your portions are a filling size. You are choosing your foods in a differently manner.The pounds will soon start slipping off and you will start feeling different inside to and with incorporating a exercise regime into helping you lose weight you will be helping complete your goal. You might want to do some more research on exercise you are going to chose for you self to do. Maybe you can do aerobics, swim aerobics, walking or doing a little of everything put together at least three times to five times a week. So with these tools you will be able to keep the eight off and get there body in shape.Finally it is all about making a long life commitment and life change for yourself. The Venetian Wellness Diet will do Just that for you. You can eat all day and not feel hungry and with exercising you will have all the tools you need to achieve that life time goal and commitment for life. All of this will get your body in shape emotionally and psychologically balanced in your life. So lust don't think you will have these tools your whole life to use and that meaner that you are making your body balanced and ready to fight the world out there with your new life commitment and change.After using this diet and exercise you will have a new level s of well-being in your life and energy you thought you never had before. With the Venetian Wellness Diet and the exercis ing regime that you chose you will experience this only if you commit too life change . Just watch you transform and with these tools you will be able to reach your goal. You have to be religious and passionate about yourself to do this. So make that life time long commitment and change to change your body for yourself and complete that goal. Get going now and make that change and commitment in your life for a lifetime.

A change of UK political policies

A change of UK political policies Introduction Over the years, United Kingdom politics have generated a lot of interest globally. In the recent past, the centre stage of the UK political arena has been the formation of a coalition government in 2010 between two major UK political parties; the conservative and the liberal democrats.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A change of UK political policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is going to dwell on the coalition government as a change in political policy that has caused the emergence of the UK political reforms and its effects (Dorey, Garnett, Denham, 2011). Cause of Political Reforms The UK grand Coalition was arrived at in order to solve and accommodate for different political ideologies for the sake of government continuity. This was seen as the only amicable way of ensuring that the leading party had garnered the requited majority seats to be head of the government as required by the constitution. Bearing in mind that this was the first coalition since 1945, it become apparent that, there was a dire need of initiating political reforms. The reforms were destined to avoid the emergence of such conflicts in the future (Liberal Democrats, 2011). Under the leadership of Prime Minister David Cameron and his assistant Nick Clegg a new political dispensation policy was proposed in form of political reforms. The main agenda behind the proposed political reforms involve the need to ensure that power is devolved to the grass root levels in order to guarantee more representation in the Westminster. These reforms also call for accountability and transparency in the legislature and the cabinet in order to ensure that the government is sensitive to the needs of the people it serves. This also, ensures that government policies are people centred thus reducing political influence on policy formulation and implementation. The major issues highlighted in the political reforms in clude the inclusion of the right to recall a member of parliament whose conduct is not consistent with the constitution, the establishment of a new electoral system, establishment of proportional but fewer constituency that ensure equal representation, empowering the backbench members of parliament, introducing the election of members of the house of lords, devolution of power and introducing e-petitions that force members of parliament to vote on issues of national importance (Liberal Democrats, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of Political Reforms The progress of political reforms in the UK has had major effects on the political landscape and on people’s view with regards to the political mileage that the coalition government has been able to attain (Dorey, Garnett, Denham, 2011). Some of the most notable effects of the political reforms inclu de the changes that have been brought about by e-petitions which require 100,000 petitions to ensure that the legislature bills are no longer mere discussions among the members of parliament within their lobby groups but open discussions monitored by the public (The official site of the British Prime Ministers Office, 2011). Further, the parliament through the speaker has also implemented political reforms in the sense that all parties have an equal voice in the parliament. This has also seen the emergence of an empowered backbench representation which has consistently kept the cabinet on check. Therefore, maximizing on policy implementation and ensuring that the cabinet fulfils its mandate to the people. Transparency and accountability has also received a major boost in the parliament through election of competent members of committees as opposed to the previous predicament of nominated members of a committee. In addition, political reforms have also introduced the five year parlia mentary term and a boundary review to reduce the number of constituencies (The official site of the British Prime Ministers Office, 2011). References Dorey, P., Garnett, M. Denham, A. (2011). From Crisis to Coalition: The Conservative Party, 1997-2010. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Liberal Democrats. (2011). Political Reform. Retrieved from https://www.libdems.org.uk/policy_briefingsAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on A change of UK political policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The official site of the British Prime Ministers Office. (2011). The Coalition: One year on. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-coalition-government-one-year-on

Implementation Scenarios for traffic safety in Oman

Implementation Scenarios for traffic safety in Oman In the process of implementing various policy instruments to keep up traffic safety in Oman, the policy analysts should consider various policy instrument alternatives. Problems involved in the implementation of a given policies should be considered to decide the most effective instrument which can be applied to end traffic problems in Oman.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Implementation Scenarios for traffic safety in Oman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Normally problems occur in the process of implementing various policies. For instance a policy may be inconsistent with the incentives of target people whose behavior is supposed to change. Secondly, a given policy instrument may not be in line with the interest of the policy makers who may be unwilling to carry out the policy. In addition, adequate resources may not be available to put a given policy instrument into practice (David and Vining 294). Below are implementation scenarios for two policy instruments which can be applied to make sure that traffic safety in Oman is sustained. Implementation Scenario for Rules Rules in form of indirect information provision according to David and vining (87) can be the most proper rules when it comes to restricting certain type of people from offering specific service and allowing only specific trained people to offer a given service. Most accidents in Oman are caused by drivers, as a result formulation of rules which target drivers, motorists and bicyclists on roads are needed in Oman to check traffic problems (Abulbasher et al., 175). Rules which address reckless driving, driving while drunk, safety belt violation, rules which prohibit young and old vulnerable drivers from using roads and those which make sure only licensed drivers are on the roads are needed in Oman. A variety of problems may arise during implementation of rules to tackle the above traffic issues in Oman. To begin with, it may be very hard to enforce the rules on the people of Oman particularly on drivers who are the main target. Rules restrict the movement of people and force them to follow specific ways and abiding by certain rules is difficult for most people. A rule which forbids drivers from driving while drunk may not be followed by many people because it may be hard to detect these people on the roads. After all traffic patrols are not always available on the roads to detect alcohol content using breathalyzer. Furthermore the act of monitoring drivers on roads may be tedious and this monitoring may only be applied in urban areas or in busy roads and in other areas drivers may not abide by the rule since they are not monitored.Advertising Looking for case study on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly a rule which prohibits young drivers and old vulnerable drivers from using roads may not be effective because it is almost im possible to restrict young energetic, ambitious youths from driving just like restricting old people from driving who may not be active and will always drive when they want to move from one place to another (Young Drivers 3). As a result this kind of rule may be ignored by many. Imposing rules to check over speeding by drivers and generally reckless driving may not be effective because at times people will over speed when they are in rush and when they are sure that no traffic patrol is on the lookout. Most drivers ignore over speeding rules while others even resist arrest by traffic patrol as a result a rule which addresses over speeding in roads may not be followed by many. Another problem which might arise in the implementation of rules in the process of ensuring traffic safety in Oman is the long and complex processes of rule formulation and development. Coming up with a rule takes time and requires contribution of various parties such as drivers, lawyers, and government represe ntatives. All the people involved must come together to decide the most effective rule to be applied and this may take time. This is a drawback in the process of dealing with traffic safety problems in Oman considering accidents occur frequently and a way of cutting down the number of accidents in Oman is needed at the moment. Under normal circumstance rules will take time before they are put into practice because they have to follow specific steps for ratifications. Implementation Scenario for Government Provisions Government provision is one policy instrument which can solve a lot of issues on traffic safety. The government can offer a lot of provisions in trying to improve road safety. One of the most important provisions a government can offer to improve traffic safety is the provision traffic education and important traffic information to the public. This can occur through various means such as through television, posters, government press, roadsides posters, and issuance of le aflets by the government to the people and through government exhibitions (Abulbasher et al., 176). This information may be about use of a new traffic control system or information about climatic conditions in various parts of the country. Another provision which the government can give to increase traffic safety in Oman is construction of better roads with wider pavements and flyovers for pedestrians and tunnels to cut traffic jam and make sure that there is fast movement of goods and people from one place to another.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Implementation Scenarios for traffic safety in Oman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Certain problems may arise in the process of implementing these provisions by the government to the people of Oman to improve traffic safety. Although the government may opt to improve infrastructure to cut the number of accidents arising due to poor infrastructure, improvement of infrastructure may not be achieved soon (Plant and Scott 23). The government of Oman may not have adequate funds and may need extra grants from other governments and this may not be forthcoming. Even if the government has adequate resources, it may take several years before better roads are constructed in Oman because road construction will need labor, time and experienced engineers. The government might choose to offer traffic education to the public through the social media, posters or through issuance of various publications. This information may be about weather in various areas in Oman or about unsafe roads. Most people neglect this information from social media. Due to that only few people are able to get the information and follow the government precautions. Ignorant drivers may cause accidents and this ignorance is a problem in the implementation of government provisions and government should choose the most proper means of communication which will reach many drivers. Most o f the provisions by the government of Oman for addressing traffic security maybe expensive. For instance, installing a new traffic control system may be expensive for the government and may inconvenience drivers on the roads who are not conversant with the new system. The government may also incur extra cost of educating the public on how to use the new system. Collaboration by the government of Oman with various institutions which offer traffic education may also make the government to incur extra costs. Abulbasher, Shahalam, Ali Galal, Charles Bakheit, and EmadFadhel. â€Å"Factor Analysis: Traffic Accidents and Potential Causes – A Case Study in Oman.† National Engineering Conference on Roads, (2011).175-190. Print. David, Weimer L., and Aidan Vining R. Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice. Upper. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. (2005). Print.Advertising Looking for case study on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plant, Joel B., and Scott, Michael S. Effective Policing and Crime Prevention. A problem Oriented Guide for Mayors, City Managers and Country Executives. Center for Problem-Oriented Policing. US Department of Justice. Washington DC. (2009). Print. Young Drivers: The Road Safety. Organization for Economic Corporation and Development. (2006). Web. https://www.itf-oecd.org/

APUSH Essay

Conflicts and arguments over state rights also ultimately helped the two party system reemerge by creating entrant in the views of states and their people. States rights was a major issue that contributed to the reemergence of a political parties. Jackson proposed that once the federal debt had been paid off, the government WOOL_SLD be able to distribute the extra money among the States.This angered the westerners because if the government gave the extra money to the states then it would not be able to lower the price of public land. The west proposed an alliance with the south based on this idea. Daniel Webster was able to prevent this from happening with a speech showing the position of states eight to treason. This incident helped in the division of political ideas that led to a separation of political parties.Both Jackson and Calhoun were not very different in the ideas about America except in the idea of a states right to overrule federal authority. The two of them became almost enemies and there were many times they each would attack the others personal character to try and gain what they wanted. In the end the different views of the two men influenced the views and stances of the political parties and created issues, which further divided the nation.

The Second Industrial Revolution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Second Industrial Revolution - Assignment Example Because the First World War came immediately after the Second Industrial Revolution, no one really understood the effect that mass production could have on warfare. The result was that developments of mass production, such as an unlimited supply of bullets, machine guns and semiautomatic weapons which were machined to exact standards through assembly lines, allowed a single soldier to kill countless more than ever previously in history. The Second Industrial Revolution, by making the production of all human devices, including weapons, more efficient, allowed governments in war to kill each other on an unprecedented scale. The Revolution also had economic downsides. It allowed economic ‘bubbles’ to build up on scaled previously unseen, the bursting of which had a part to play in the great depression. Furthermore, the mechanization of production tasks meant that a lot of things that used to need several people to accomplish could now be done by one, leading to unemployment . The solution to this, brought around in part by Roosevelt’s New Deal, was a shift of the workforce from production to services, leading to a better quality of life overall. The Second Industrial Revolution was just as influential as the first, but in very different ways. And also like the First Industrial Revolution, the progress it brought on came with significant costs.

The understanding of modern urban life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The understanding of modern urban life - Essay Example Simmel underlined that "the city conspires to erase difference by assaulting the individual with an overwhelming and never-ending stream of visual stimuli" (Byram, 2002) and also that our society consists of individual interactions and this defines its identity: "While there is no perception of society until individuals begin to interact, once formed by the interaction of individuals, the society affects the individuals as an outside force" (Crow Ch., et al., 2000). Benjamin considered the modern urban experience through the development of technologies and supported communications development; he was positive about new technologies, emphasizing their liberating influences. He was positive towards such technologies as film and photography: "New media technologies such as phonographs, epic theatre, and especially film and photography, not only destroy art's 'aura' but demystifies the process of creating art, making available radical new access and roles for art in mass culture" (Bicket, 2001). Simmel and Benjamin both underlined the importance of technological development and its influence on art, culture and our understanding of social environment. Simmel's views tend towards the negative influence of urban life on individuals, while Benjamin is more positively inclined tof technological and cultural aspects of modern and post-modern urban society. _______________________________________ Link both essays in together and edit from 1100 to 600 words ie what is contained between the line above and the line at the end A utopia is an imaginary place, situated in a particular time and space, that is socially, morally, and politically ideal, and a dystopia is its exact opposite. Ideologies are as transient as fashions and can be subjective, as they are relative to the perspective employed. Hitler and his comrades had a utopia in mind when they sought to create the Thousand Year Reichbut Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, and other victims of his vision would beg to differ (Tartar, 2004). Human rationality implies, for enlightened thinkers, an attempt to know and understand the natural world. As Norman Hampson writes, "human reason, operating by means of careful observation and checking its conclusions by further observation or experiment, could for the first time in the history of man reveal the mechanism of the natural world. "The extreme rationalism of Descartes, its traditional alternative and empiricist aspects and the debate between them, constitute the most influential part of Enlightenment in the nineteenth century. The Enlightened thinkers were generally confident that they could use rational principles to solve social interaction problems and this belief led to the Enlightened faith in social progress and the culmination of the Enlightenment ideals in a utopian society. Nietzsche opposed this Enlightened faith in progress as nave;but being unable to elude it, itwas the Enlightenment's utopianism that accompanied him through his most radical critiques (Call, 1995). A second theme involves the contradictions that necessarily exist between communality and individuality. Human consciousness is passive in accepting ideology, doctrine, orthodoxy and mass thinking and often sees reality in terms of the liturgy of certain

Theater aesthetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theater aesthetics - Essay Example In such a way, it is the hope of this author that by expounding upon the light and dark realities that are portrayed within the set design and costume dynamics that further elements of the underlying struggle that exists within the main characters can be coaxed out of a play that has already been analyzed in each other imaginable means. Firstly, with respect to the set design of the play Hamlet, the clear and overt utilization of the dismal and rather dark color schemes that define the castle existence that Hamlet himself experiences are evocative of the inner struggle and means by which his character constantly struggles between the realities of life and the hopes and aspirations that he continues to hold onto. In such a way, the light and dark contrasts of the interior set design of the castle alongside the more pastoral landscape that much of the play integrates with allows for the viewer to trace a clear and rather obvious point of understand with regards to the anticipation of h ope and the reality of defeat and suicidal tendencies that are displayed within the dialogue as well as within the internal dynamics of set design and construction colors/lighting. Likewise, a further and indirect level of understanding can be made with regards to the ominous sense of foreboding that such a dismal set design necessarily evokes within the viewer. In its most perfect form, set design is meant to work alongside and not distract from, or add to boisterously to, the meanings or understandings that the audience should take from a play. In such a way, it should be the clear and unmistakable take away and understanding of the reader that this is expertly demonstrated within the play itself by appropriate utilization and leverage of scene design and lighting that have been affected. Another key aspect of understanding that can be garnered with respect to the aesthetics of the play in question is with regards to the wardrobe that is exhibited. Again, the clear and obvious lev el of understanding that this wardrobe provides is with regards to the descriptive capabilities that has in defining and differentiating the moods and thoughts that Hamlet and the other characters express on stage. Again, it would be quite sufficient if the actors of the play integrated perfectly with the script and were able to relate the complexities of the play to the audience; however, an entirely different dynamic is able to be leveraged by merely dressing Hamlet and Ophelia in contrasting shades of dark and light. The shades of dark that Hamlet is clothed in represent a clear understanding to the audience that he is continually battling the darkness of suicidal thoughts and depression whereas the lighter colors are evocative of the aforementioned pastoral scenes in which he can be seen to contemplate those aspects of life that offer hope for living further. Comparatively, Ophelia is clothed in darker colors throughout much of the play due to her unceasing state of mourning. Ho wever, lighter colors are also employed at times and it is the belief of this author that such utilization helps to underscore the frailty and femininity that Ophelia brings to the play itself. Whereas almost all of the subject matter is dark and extraordinarily philosophical, Ophelia acts as something of a foil to the character of Hamlet in the fact that she is able to engage in life and its complexities in something of a natural and rather

MBA 510 Problem Set I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MBA 510 Problem Set I - Essay Example b. Compute the mean deviation. 3.24 square root ((N-Mean)^2+(N1-Mean)^2.../n)= Square root (42/4)= 3.74 c. Compute the standard deviation. 3.74 square root ((N-Mean)^2+(N1-Mean)^2.../n-1)= Square root (42/3)= 3.74 b. Lind Chapter 5: Exercises 8, 66 8. A sample of 2,000 licensed drivers revealed the following number of speeding violations. Number of Violations Number of Drivers 0 1,910 1 46 2 18 3 12 4 9 5 or more 5 Total 2,000 a. What is the experiment The experiment is the gathering of the data set b. List one possible eventA driver has less than two speeding violations c. What is the probability that a particular driver had exactly two speeding violations 18/2000 = .009 d. What concept of probability does this illustrate Relative frequency 66. A survey of undergraduate students in the School of Business at Northern University revealed the following regarding gender and majors of the students: Major Gender Accounting Management Finance Total Male 100 150 50 300 Female 100 50 50 200 Total 200 200 100 500 a. What is the probability of selecting a female student 200/500 = .4 b. What is the probability of selecting finance or accounting major 300/500 = .6 c. What is the probability of selecting a female or an accounting major Which rule of addition did you apply 250/500 = .5 The addition rule of independent events d. Are gender and major independent Why No, the data is dependent upon gender e. What is the probability of selecting an accounting major, given that the person selected is male 100/300 = .33 f. Suppose two students are selected randomly to attend a lunch with the president of the university. What is the probability that both of those selected are accounting majors Acct major = .4 Both acct major = .4*.4 =... 68. The American Automobile Association checks the price of gasoline before many holiday weekends. Listed below are the self-service prices for a sample of 15 retail outlets during the May 2003 Memorial Day weekend in the Detroit, Michigan, area. 70. A recent article suggested that if you earn , 25, 000 a year today and the inflation rate continues at 3 percent per year, you'll need to make 33,598 in 10 years to have the same buying power. You would need to make 44,771 if the inflation rate jumped to 6 percent. Confirm that these statements are accurate by finding the geometric mean rate of increase. 38. The accounting department at Weston Materials, Inc., a national manufacturer of unattached garages, reports that it takes two construction workers a mean of 32 hours and a standard deviation of 2 hours to erect the Red Barn model. Assume the assembly times follow the normal distribution. 44. The number of passengers on the Carnival Sensation during one-week cruises in the Caribbean follows the normal distribution. The mean number of passengers per cruise is 1,820 and the standard deviation is 120. 60. In establishing warranties on HDTV sets, the manufacturer wants to set the limits so that few will need repair at manufacturer expense. On the other hand, the warranty period must be long enough to make the purchase attractive to the buyer.

The Caregiver Chosen by God Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Caregiver Chosen by God - Dissertation Example The situation becomes even more complicated if the patient is the caregiver’s own mother who had to deal not only with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia but also with a leg amputation. Providing this special patient the continuum of care while ensuring the patient’s comfort and dignity, is profoundly challenging and physically taxing (Lindstrom, et al., 2011). Further confounding the intricacy of caregiving for a family member is the negativity connoted in the workplace for employees who are honest enough to disclose their dual role as caregivers of the elderly at home, in terms of promotions and pay raises (Hendershott, 2000). This researcher had first hand experience in this regard, to the point of having lost both her job and her house. It is not unusual, though, that despite awareness of the travails of caregivers, many good-hearted individuals are being drawn towards this line of work. The essence of care giving dates back to biblical times as recounted by Je sus Christ, himself, in his parable of the good Samaritan (Luke 10:29-37). The good Samaritan took care of a wounded man he passed by on the roadside, offered the man a place to stay and commissioned someone to take care of the man until he is well.

Theater aesthetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theater aesthetics - Essay Example In such a way, it is the hope of this author that by expounding upon the light and dark realities that are portrayed within the set design and costume dynamics that further elements of the underlying struggle that exists within the main characters can be coaxed out of a play that has already been analyzed in each other imaginable means. Firstly, with respect to the set design of the play Hamlet, the clear and overt utilization of the dismal and rather dark color schemes that define the castle existence that Hamlet himself experiences are evocative of the inner struggle and means by which his character constantly struggles between the realities of life and the hopes and aspirations that he continues to hold onto. In such a way, the light and dark contrasts of the interior set design of the castle alongside the more pastoral landscape that much of the play integrates with allows for the viewer to trace a clear and rather obvious point of understand with regards to the anticipation of h ope and the reality of defeat and suicidal tendencies that are displayed within the dialogue as well as within the internal dynamics of set design and construction colors/lighting. Likewise, a further and indirect level of understanding can be made with regards to the ominous sense of foreboding that such a dismal set design necessarily evokes within the viewer. In its most perfect form, set design is meant to work alongside and not distract from, or add to boisterously to, the meanings or understandings that the audience should take from a play. In such a way, it should be the clear and unmistakable take away and understanding of the reader that this is expertly demonstrated within the play itself by appropriate utilization and leverage of scene design and lighting that have been affected. Another key aspect of understanding that can be garnered with respect to the aesthetics of the play in question is with regards to the wardrobe that is exhibited. Again, the clear and obvious lev el of understanding that this wardrobe provides is with regards to the descriptive capabilities that has in defining and differentiating the moods and thoughts that Hamlet and the other characters express on stage. Again, it would be quite sufficient if the actors of the play integrated perfectly with the script and were able to relate the complexities of the play to the audience; however, an entirely different dynamic is able to be leveraged by merely dressing Hamlet and Ophelia in contrasting shades of dark and light. The shades of dark that Hamlet is clothed in represent a clear understanding to the audience that he is continually battling the darkness of suicidal thoughts and depression whereas the lighter colors are evocative of the aforementioned pastoral scenes in which he can be seen to contemplate those aspects of life that offer hope for living further. Comparatively, Ophelia is clothed in darker colors throughout much of the play due to her unceasing state of mourning. Ho wever, lighter colors are also employed at times and it is the belief of this author that such utilization helps to underscore the frailty and femininity that Ophelia brings to the play itself. Whereas almost all of the subject matter is dark and extraordinarily philosophical, Ophelia acts as something of a foil to the character of Hamlet in the fact that she is able to engage in life and its complexities in something of a natural and rather

The Caregiver Chosen by God Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Caregiver Chosen by God - Dissertation Example The situation becomes even more complicated if the patient is the caregiver’s own mother who had to deal not only with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia but also with a leg amputation. Providing this special patient the continuum of care while ensuring the patient’s comfort and dignity, is profoundly challenging and physically taxing (Lindstrom, et al., 2011). Further confounding the intricacy of caregiving for a family member is the negativity connoted in the workplace for employees who are honest enough to disclose their dual role as caregivers of the elderly at home, in terms of promotions and pay raises (Hendershott, 2000). This researcher had first hand experience in this regard, to the point of having lost both her job and her house. It is not unusual, though, that despite awareness of the travails of caregivers, many good-hearted individuals are being drawn towards this line of work. The essence of care giving dates back to biblical times as recounted by Je sus Christ, himself, in his parable of the good Samaritan (Luke 10:29-37). The good Samaritan took care of a wounded man he passed by on the roadside, offered the man a place to stay and commissioned someone to take care of the man until he is well.

Robots Are Not Human Beings Essay Example for Free

Robots Are Not Human Beings Essay It is almost impossible to create a creature which is exactly the same as humans. Most of the robots can think as logically as we can and they can maybe act approximately the same we do but they hardly ever can show feelings. Not be able to think cognitive is one of the major problems in the short science fiction story â€Å"Liar† by Isaac Asimov. Herbie, a RB-34 robot, has the gift to read others mind. He is also trained not to hurt other peoples feelings. When people ask him something, Herbie gives them the answer they want to hear. The robot does not recognize, however, that with telling them a lie, he is going to hurt their feelings, too. He is not conscious of this issue. When Doctor Calvin explains Herbie his fault, he starts to realize that he always has to tell the truth whether it is good or not. Nevertheless, Herbie cannot change how he is because he is a robot. He was created to always say what the people wanted to know. This is one significant difference between human beings and robots. People can change their thoughts and actions, robots cannot. Calvin and Bogert do not realize at first either that a robot is not like a human being. They both believe that Herbie is like a normal person with extraordinary abilities. They are not aware of problems he might have. Both of them count on what Herbie says without questioning. A good example that demonstrates this behavior is on page 290, where Lanning and Bogert are arguing: â€Å"’you havent any secrets with a mind-reading robot around, so dont forget that I know all about your resignation. ’ The ash on Lannings cigar trembled and fell, and the cigar itself followed, ‘what †¦ what –‘† With the surprising reaction of Lanning we know that what Herbie said is not entirely true. Bogert, nevertheless, really believes that Herbie told him the truth because he thinks that this robot does not make mistakes. Herbie is a genius, and genius do not make faults. This is one of the major mistakes of the characters in the story. A reason why they are doing this is certainly because it is more convenient. You do not have to think about the solution. It is easier just asking a robot. Moreover, the robot tells you what you want to hear. We can also see Herbies lack of human traits in observing his feelings and emotions. Herbie tells Calvin that her lover loves her. He is not afraid of how she is going to feel when she finds out that this is a lie. Herbie does not consider the consequences. He just wants to complete his function and tells her what she wants to know. A normal person would probably not do this because he or she would be aware of the consequences. In addition to that, most of the people would feel bad for the other person at the end. The robot, however, does not understand what he did wrong. Technology made our life easier Many years ago, we were transporting goods by horse. Nowadays, we are that well-developed that we can ship goods by airplane or train all over the world and this fast. Technology made our life a lot easier. In the story, â€Å"The Nine Billion Names of God†, by Arthur C. Clarke, the monks wanted to benefit from this new technology, too. Their plan was to list all the possible names of God. The monks had the idea that it would be a lot easier and faster to get a machine that can evaluate the names for them. It was their belief that with a machine, they could be done in three months. Certainly the machine would complete the mission quickly, but would they still achieve God’s purpose? God’s purpose was that they list all possible names of God. This would have taken them four and a half centuries. With the machines they are going to finish the task earlier and they would save time to do something else. The machines, however, would list the names differently. It would not be handwritten anymore and there would not be so much effort behind it. Moreover, letting machines doing your work makes the work seem less important because it is not you that put the effort into. For example, if I wrote a handwritten letter and shipped it to my friend, she would probably be happier than if I had written her just an email, because it took me more time. Furthermore, I wrote every word. It was not the machine that wrote the word for me. It would be made with more love. The same thing would happen with all the names the monks should list. Maybe the task would not be completed if they do it with a machine because they were not sitting hours behind a desk and writing all the different names. To write down all the names would make them think about who God is and they would realize how important God is for them; this is maybe why God wanted to give them this task. Machines, however, are extremely helpful, effective and useful. They do a lot of work for us so that we can concentrate on other things. We would not live the same lifestyle without machines. I believe, however, that we exaggerate. Some things are still better handmade. It is not necessary to do everything with a machine. I miss, for example, buying my flight tickets with a person. Nowadays, you check in with a machine. There is nobody anymore that takes time for you and wishes you a good flight. I hope that this technology boom is going to decrease and that we find a good balance between using and not using machines. Women rule the world In the past it was common that men worked and earned the money for the family. The womans job was basically staying at the house, cleaning it and looking after the kids. This image was seen during many centuries. In 1910, when the comedy â€Å"Looking Forward†, by Theodore Marston, was written, it was not different. Women did not have the right to vote. This was only available for men. It was seen a lot more, however, that women went working than in the previous centuries. It was obvious, nevertheless, than women who went working were poorer than the women who stayed at home, because women working was not seen as good. When Marstons play came out, it was certainly attracting interest. He demonstrated a completely different life from what they were living at this point. He showed how he thought the world is going to be in 2010 and who is going to rule the nation. For him, women became a political and social majority in 2010. Moreover, the men were not allowed to vote anymore. We can read out of this play that people, mainly men, were aware of women becoming the leading gender. It is possible that they have been looking at the changes over the past years because we can see that with the years, women got more power. For example, until 1855, the women were not allowed to go to college. Therefore, it was impossible for them to get a same degree as the men. In 1910, it was already common for women to go to the same college as men did. This shows that female emancipation has changed rapidity. Maybe this was also the reason why men did not want to give the women the right to vote, because they were aware of women taking over the planet. Marston, however, anticipated that it was not possible to stop women empowerment and that one day women are going to get the right to vote. He was right by his statement. Women got the right to vote in 1989. His statement, however, was that women are going to be the â€Å"political and social majority† in 2010. This is mostly exaggerated. Nevertheless, it is true that women got a lot more involved in political and social contents. Nowadays, we see a lot of powerful women. Also, many countries have a woman as political president, as for example, Germany with Angela Merkel. She is accepted exactly the same way as a men political president would be accepted because people today do not decide because of gender anymore; they are more interested in what this person has to tell the nation and how he or she is going to make changes in a good way for the country. I am impressed, how good the author anticipated the future. It is fairly accurate that women do have a lot more power nowadays. They may not rule the whole world, but as I have shown in different examples, there are many women who have the same power as men do.

Models of Reflective Practice for Education

Models of Reflective Practice for Education Reflective practice has particularly grown and expanded its field in different professional disciplines and contexts; each with their own differences and nuances (Thompson and Thompson, 2008). It is widely agreed that the intention of reflective practice is performance improvement, manifested through analyzing on strengths and the development of competence. However, Anderson (1996) highlights the fact that reflection in professional practice returns not what it is but what might be an improvement on the original. This essay examines the understanding of the reflective practice by using theories and models of reflective practitioners. The reflective examples and experiences is illustrated as a learning unit and an assessment tool including the approaches taken to integrate the reflective example as part of the work integrated learning experience. 2) MODELS OF REFLECTIVE PRACTICE There is a clear understanding of what reflective practice that identifies the attributes of a reflective practitioner (Thorpe, 2004). The three main models are highlighted below: 3.1) Jenny Moon (1999) Model of Reflection: Moon (1999) defines a common sense reflection as a form of mental processing with a purpose and/or anticipated outcome that is applied to relatively complex or unstructured ideas for which there is not an obvious solution. Moon (1995, 1999) explains further by outlining the fact that differing views of reflection arises from outcomes of learning and material for further reflection and action. It is widely agreed that the intention of reflective practice is the surface learning that define characteristics which does not involve reflection but points out the condition for reflection (Moon, 2001). Moon (1999) takes a slightly different approach identifying five stages in learning called map of learning (Figure 2). To see that that learning has occurred, it is important to NOTICE. It can be successful by getting to know the material as coherent MAKING SENSE and the meaningness to develop a holistic view MAKING MEANING which can be done by creating relationships of new material with other ideas WORKING WITH MEANING. To ensure that the new learning has been transformed, it is necessary to TRANSFORM LEARNING. 3.2) Gibbs (1988) Model of Reflection John (2004) mentions that Gibbs (1988) in his model clarifies that reflective pratice deals with practitioners to reflect on their normal way to thinking and responding within the given situation towards gaining insights into self and practice. Reflection alone is not sufficient but taking action is the solution. Therefore, one needs to put their learning, knowledge and new understanding into practice; allowing the reflective process to inform the practice (Jasper, 2003). The work of Gibbs (1988, 1998) allows the reflective practitioner to analyze and evaluate the practice and make necessary improvements into their practice. Gibbs (1988) introduces experimential reflective cycle (Fig 3) comprising of six elements of reflection which shows a clear DESCRIPTION of the situation, analysis of the FEELINGS, EVALUATIONof the experience, ANALYSIS to make sense of the experience, CONCLUSION and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if the situation occurred again ACTION PLAN (Fig 4). 3.3) Kolb (1984) Model of Reflection Kolb (1984) identified and developed a theory of experiential learning that gives a constructive way to develop our practice. This process is called The Kolb Cycle or The Experiential Learning Cycle. Clark (2008) reports that the cycle consists of four different stages of learning from experience that can be penetrated at any stage. All four stages must be followed in sequence for successful learning to take place. The Learning Cycle recommends that it is not only sufficient to have a concrete experience DO in order to learn but also necessary to reflect on the experience OBSERVE to generalise and formulate concepts THINK that can be implemented to new situations. Hence, it makes it necessary for the learner to link between the theory and action by planning PLAN, representing back to the theory (Fig 5). 3) REFLECTIVE EXAMPLES In this first part of the section is the reflection on the situation by using Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle which is a recognized framework for my reflection. 4.1) PART 1 (THE ACCIDENT) During my summer holidays last year , my family and myself were at my brothers apartment enjoying ourselves and having a good time. My brother received a call from Bangalore, India, where his son, Saurav, studied. He disclosed that his son had met with a critical accident. I was shocked and difficult for me to gather my thoughts and comprehend the situation around me. I had never been in a situation where someone close to me was fighting for his life. Never being in a situation like this before I felt the need to follow someone or do something to keep myself occupied. I followed Pratima (sister-in-law) to the kitchen to make a tea for everyone present at the apartment. While in the kitchen I encountered awkward silence between us, feeling pressure of this silence, I intended to break the ice by approaching her to offer my support. Upon approaching her I noticed that she had a worried look on her face. She looked into my eyes and bursted out into tears. This outbreak of her emotions left me feeling even more awkward and I lost all sense of what to do or say. Hearing the sobs of Pratima, my mother came rushing into the kitchen and took control of her. I felt quite sad because of my nephews accident and my own stupidity of not being able to handle my state of mind in an intense pressure situation. Upon analysing this situation I should have known Pratima was feeling tensed and anxious. I should have prepared myself to give Pratima a bit more time alone, as well as I should have had someone with more experience to take control of the situation. But next time my action plan should be to control some of my anxiety and help them reduce their anxiety by showing a bit more empathy to someone who is feeling very emotional. 4.2) PART 2 (PRESENTATION) The second part is the reflection on the situation by using Moon (1999) model of reflection. _______________________________________________________________________ Prior to the beginning of my second academic year at the University I motivated myself to go and travel around England and India. Because of the nature of my travel I reached University ten days late. My inability to reach University on time took away some form of focus away from my action plan of being focused from the beginning. I did not feel like I was in the right frame of mind to undertake my studies seriously. The first assignment was a presentation and a report writing for the first term in Business Strategic Analysis on Stakeholders and Shareholders interrelation. As I was lagging behind I spoke to Mr. Craig, my module leader, about my inability to focus upon the task. Mr. Craig encouraged me and spoke to me about the situation, this pep talk made me feel a lot better. I have difficulty in doing presentations as I cannot seem to organize my ideas and thoughts in words. Most of the tutors have explained and demonstrated to us in the class as to how to present, but for some reason I get butterflies in my stomach , loose confidence and forget what I actually intend to speak when confronted by a large group. I practiced a lot and took help from youtube because the web-site has wonderful examples of tackling with Public Speaking issues. My group helped me to structure my notes and alloted me my part for the presentation. I thought I could speak on the spot by revising a little bit on it. On the final day, my performance was satisfactory but I managed to convey what I intended to. Our group got a B- in it but it was quite worth the experience. The audience understood what I spoke but I do not think I would do anything different next time as now I have the ability and confidence to enable myself to tailor my presentaion and deliver satisfactory results. 4.3) PART 3 (BASKETBALL SKILLS) The third part is the reflection on the situation by using Kolb (1984) model of reflection. _________________________________________________________________________ During my second year, I decided to get myself involved with Sports, so I joined the Universitys Women Basketball Team. Before I got selected, I had to go through a selection session in the Sports Hall, where we were asked to form a team and play and friendly match. Though it was my first time experiencing it, I was not nervous at all because I had been playing basketball since childhood. The game started with a whistle blow. That game was 45 minutes long and it was the worst game I had ever played. According to my observation, I did not perform up to my expectation. There were a lot of violation of rules during the game like fouls, travelling, double dribble, pushing, pulling and out of bounds. There was no team evidence during the match, only individual players playing to prove a point. At the end of the selection, I got selected to my own suprise as I believed I did not play to my maximum potential. One main talent that is required in the game is shooting skills. As basketball can only be won by points, if you cannot shoot, you cannot win. I attempted to shoot 50 times but scored only 12 points. This showed my weakness in shooting skills. I had a word with the coach and the vice coach of the team about improving my shooting skills who provided me insights concerning scoring techniques. The coach demonstrated to me the underlying techniques to shoot properly. It gave me a brief idea as to how to shoot which heped be boost my confidence. I plan to practice and improve my technique using insights from the coach as well as experience from the first match and plan accordingly for the upcoming match. 3) APPROACH TO REFLECTIVE PRACTICE According to my observation and experiences, I noted that reflective practice module has improved my skills of reflection to my practice with the important intention of improving my professional practice. The assessment associated alloted during seminars and workshop has assisted me to prioritize, evaluate and understand the work I already know and have done. Experiencing the critique of a competence based approach while applying for placement jobs, I specifically measured and identified explicit learning outcomes and competencies. Although the company applied in rejected me, my confidence and my advance understanding made more sense when looking back at where I have been, what I did where different patterns begin to emerge. In a session with my module tutors to discuss the feedback from my first term was satisfactory. Reflecting upon my overall performance in my work, I noticed that I require to develop my learning in my next upcoming assignment. Working with more confidence, having a set target and a new direction to work, may help me understand the profound knowledge that underlies. The learning gained enabled me to apply the skills of reflection to the CPD cycle (planning, action, evaluating and reflection) where planning to meet its requirement can improve and enhance other situations like my upcoming work in order to improve practice. In response to the learnings undertaken I sense a need to change or modify my practice like effective time management, recognize my current level of performance, more feedback and support and monitor and review progress. Monitoring the process of working on my academic development plan via reflective practice has brought a vast difference in my study methods. When I look back at my performance during the past few years and assess my learning and development I have gained this year, I reflect situations where I found difficulties in completing my assignments, poor time management, preconception that it is difficult and honesty with self. Furthermore, Personal SWOT Analysis is worth commencing from the scratch in order to know your strengths, weaknesses, opprtunities and threats so that you can act accordingly to improve the outcome of your performance. 4) BECOMING A REFLECTIVE PRACTITIONER The standards required to meet the effectiveness of the practitioner are to evaluate the current and future requirements of the role, take account of the value and objectives of the organization (Race, 2002; Argyris and Schon, 1974), identify the areas of strength, and monitor the outcome of the work which can be enhanced upon. When I perform tasks,I need to reflect on it and think about WHAT happened, WHY it happened and HOW it happened which would make more sense to the understanding of the subject. It can be said that more explicit understanding and knowledge must be used in the practice. Schon (1987) argues that a practitioners reflection can serve as a remedial to overlearning. Through reflection, I have understood that I could improvise on my the past repetitive experiences, and can add up to the situations which I may confront. Our University provides us a booklet which gives us precise directions about what to include and how to present. As I do not devise my own records and presentation, it seems like an effort to record it would not do any harm and reflect the learning gained from the outcome later on. The development overtime would reflect and can enhance upon it. Many students like myself are expected to take responsibilties for our own perfromance, drawing conclusions on the work on and how can it be improved. To make my reflection more effective, I think developing confidence in my own evaluation and judgement on my work will be more profitable rather than depending on the evaluations provided by tutorswhich results in developing critical and analytical thinking in future. Understanding and using feedback appropriately is a vital achievement to improve practice. For instance, considering the difference between my own evaluation and the tutors feedback assists in better reflection of work which is improvement in performance measurement. 7) CONCLUSION This study shows that reflective practice is a process of analyzing a given scenario and it can be improvised by decision making, based on the strengths and weaknesses that were observed from the evaluation. The introduction of the essay as a tool for reflection, coupled with the development of learning activities and resources should significantly develop skills in reflection in any field unit (Honey, 2000). The recognition that reflective practice has suggested is reinforced than seen as an innate ability (Loughran, 2002). The message trying to be conveyed is that the new found knowledge and learning from the the experiences should be implemented to future situations. It can be criticized that reflective practice does not free us from the need to worry about the mechanisms of professional accountability but also shows concern as how a professional may be transformed within a framework of accountabilty.

Most Effective Form of Stretching :: essays research papers

The American College of Sports Medicine defined fitness in 1990 by stating that physical fitness is â€Å"a set of attributes that people have or achieve.† (Cited in Dalgleish et al 2001)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This set of attributes can be further defined as cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, motor skills and flexibility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cardiovascular fitness involves the heart and lungs supplying the required volume of oxygen to the working muscles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muscular endurance is the number of contractions or the length of time a muscle can contract before fatigue occurs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Muscle strength is the maximum amount of force a muscle can generate in one contraction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Motor skills is a general term, which covers co-ordination, speed, balance and power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flexibility is the range of motion (ROM) in a joint or in a series of joints. Flexibility is improved by stretching connective tissues, muscles and other soft tissue around a joint. Stretching exercises can be divided into different categories depending on the way the muscles and surrounding tissues are stretched. These forms of stretching are static stretching, dynamic stretching, ballistic stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). This report will define why athletes stretch and review current literature on each form of stretching and conclude from research which form is the most effective form of stretching. BENEFITS OF STRETCHING Stretching in sport was only used to warm athletes up before an event and cool them down after the event. Stretching was not used as a part of an athletes training programme until the benefits of stretching were recognised. Sigerseth (1971 cited in Elliot & Mester 1999) suggested that skilled performances could be improved by increasing the ROM around various joints. Performance can be improved due to stretching in three ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If range of motion is increased especially in throwing and racquet sports, more force or velocity can be produced. This is possible as this increases in ROM allows the throwing distance to increase and longer period of time in which force can be produced. This results in the speed of the racquet, bat or object being increased, which allows a more powerful, throw, kick or hit to occur. Examples of sports where this occurs is tennis, cricket, baseball and golf. Jobe and Moynes (1986 cited in Elliot and Mester 1999) Studied golfers and found that the higher skilled golfers had twice the range of trunk rotation compared to golfers of lesser skill.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athletes who compete in sports where performance is judged on the aesthetics

Breaking The Cycle of Toxic Racism Essay -- Civil Rights

Nelson Mandela once said, â€Å"no one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite†(Mandela). Racism is an ongoing issue that has occupied many years of American history. Even with great leaders, such as President Abraham Lincoln and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who established a push to end slavery and inspired an entire revolution to eliminate racial discrimination, it seems that a successful eradication of racism is not an option. Today, we still see hate crimes such as the Rodney King case of Los Angeles. Thus, while the Abolishment of Slavery of the late 1800’s and the Civil Rights Movement of the fifties and sixties may have diminished the impact that racism could play out in the open, these efforts have ultimately failed, to a great extent, in actually drivi ng racism and discrimination to extinction because today, this toxic behavior is as prominent as it ever was. The Abolishment of Slavery underwent progress in an atmosphere of wartime. In 1863, President Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation, issuing â€Å"that all persons held as slaves† throughout America â€Å"are, and henceforward shall be free† (Lincoln). This instance is the first major push to end discrimination by race. In 1865, however, President Lincoln was assassinated. This was due to the remaining and overwhelming battle of slavery versus freedom. The post-Civil War era brought about the Thirteenth Amendment, which stated: â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,† except if used as punishment for a committed crime, â€Å"shall exist within the United States†... ...School of Law, 2011. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. . King, Martin Luther. "I Have a Dream." Speech. March on Washington. Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C. 28 Aug. 1963. History Channel. A&E Television, date uknown. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. . Lincoln, Abraham. "Featured Document: The Emancipation Proclamation." National Archives and Records Administration. US National Archives and Records Administration, date uknown. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. . Miles, Barry. Hippie. New York: Sterling, 2005. Print. Twain, Mark, and E. W. Kemble. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest Association, 1986. Print.

Discussing Hiroshima

Hiroshima by John Hersey provides the reader with a front row seat to the devastation that atomic power can cause. This book tells the story of the bombing of Hiroshima, Japan on that fateful day in August, 1945, through the eyes of various survivors. Through the eyes of those survivors, we are able to see a glimpse of the horror that occurred on August 6th, 1945. We are able to see how devastating atomic power can be, not only structurally and physically, but also the long term repercussions as well. The force of the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945 was absolutely devastating. The pressure from the explosion â€Å"varied from 5. 3 to 8. 0 tons per square yard†, and â€Å"had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. † The bombs blast was forceful enough to move gravestones, knock over railroad cars, and move concrete bridges. The heat of the bomb at its center â€Å"must have been 6,000i Celsius. † The bomb caused concrete to become discolored to a â€Å"light, reddish tint, had scaled off the surface of granite. . . and left prints of the shadows left by its light. † Over 2,500 yards away from the center, a shadow was found that had been â€Å"projected by the handle of a gas pump. There were also a few â€Å"vague human silhouettes† found near the center. Over 62,000 buildings were destroyed, and nearly 6,000 were devastated beyond repair. â€Å"In the heart of the city. . . only five modern buildings. . . could be used again without major repairs. † Houses had been knocked down, whole city blocks had collapsed, fire engulfed everything, and â€Å"gas storage tanks went up in a tremendous burst of flames. † There was â€Å"four square miles of a reddish-brown scar† where everything burned down. On the roadways there were â€Å"hundreds of crumpled bicycles, shells of streetcars and automobiles, all halted in mid-motion. Of the 245, 000 people that lived in Hiroshima when the bomb dropped, 100,000 died and another 100,000 were injured. This number was much greater than the original estimate that â€Å"78,150 people had died, 13,983 were missing, and 37,425 had been injured. † As more and more corpses were recovered from the wreckage, the death toll raised to over 100,000. It is calculated that â€Å"about 25 per cent had died of direct burns from the bomb, about 50 per cent from other injuries, and about 20 per cent as a result of radiation effects. Of those that died, there were hundreds of school girls who had been enlisted to clear fire lanes, 65 out of 150 doctors, 1,654 out of 1,780 nurses died (or were to injured to work), and at the Red Cross Hospital there were only 6 doctors and 10 nurses able to work. The injuries sustained from the bombing were primarily burns, but also injuries from falling debris. Some burns had formed patterns onto persons skin as â€Å"white [clothing] repelled the heat of the bomb and dark clothes absorbed it and conducted it to the skin. Burns caused directly by the bomb i tself caused a persons skin to slip off in â€Å"huge glove like pieces. † The burns were â€Å"first yellow, then red and swollen, with the skin sloughed off, and finally. . . suppurated and smelly. † Upon coming across 20 soldiers, it was stated that their â€Å"faces were wholly burned, their eye sockets were hollow and the fluid from their melted eyes had run down their cheeks. Their mouths were mere swollen, pus covered wounds. . . † Nausea and vomiting were profound, caused by the â€Å"odor of ionization. . . given off by the bomb's fission. Many more drowned in the river while trying to escape the raging fires. Once in the river, the found themselves to weak or injured to badly to cross and drowned when the tide came in. Many people were told that â€Å"there is no hope for the heavily wounded. They will die. We can't bother with them. † Help was primarily given to the lightly wounded as it took less time, and therefore, more lives could be saved. For the most part, only saline and iodine were used to treat injuries, as there was a severe shortage of medical supplies. There were thousands of injured persons that had no one to help them. Although people were dying by the hundreds, there was nobody to carry away the corpses. The scene of hospitals was that of the living laying among the dead, and in their state of shock it was difficult to tell them apart. Doctors were overwhelmed with the â€Å"thousands of patients sprawled out among [the] corpses. † Although there were many that were â€Å"gruesomely wounded†, there were also many that died while having no apparent injuries. The remains of the deceased were eventually cremated, the placed in envelopes with their name upon it. Time was taken to do this because â€Å"disposal of the dead, by decent cremation and enshrinement, is a greater moral responsibility to the Japanese than adequate care of the living. † The few who were not seriously injured felt a sense of guilt for their lack of injuries. Many people only helped their own family, unable to â€Å"comprehend or tolerate a wider circle of misery. † Hysteria and shock began to set in, many became numb to their surroundings. They were â€Å"so emotionally worn out that nothing could surprise them. † To many ‘the bombing almost seemed a natural disaster. . . as the terrible aftermath and human suffering â€Å"reached so far beyond human understanding. † Many of the survivors suddenly felt sick about one month after the bomb was dropped. They came down with the â€Å"strange, capricious disease which came later to be known as radiation sickness. † This unprecedented disease had 3 stages. The first stage was a direct reaction to the bomb going off. These were the many â€Å"apparently uninjured people who died so mysteriously in the first few hours or days. † This is what â€Å"killed 95 per cent of the people within a half mile of the center [of where the bomb was dropped], and many thousands who were farther away. Although they may have had burns, these people died from the radiation, not the burns. The radiation caused their â€Å"nuclei to degenerate†, basically, every cell in their body broke down. The second stage of radiation sickness began 10-15 days after the bombing. Signs exhibited included hair loss, diarrhea, and fever. Then 25-30 days after the bombing, new symptoms began to develop. These symptoms included blood disorders, a drastic drop in white blood cell count (WBC), a rise in i nfections due to the drop of WBC, hemorrhages, slow healing of simple wounds, and anemia. The third stage followed after, and lasted anywhere from one week to several months or longer. The primary symptom was the fluctuation in the white blood cell count. After the WBC had stabilized, wounds would finally begin to heal. As the burns healed, keloid scars formed. Keloid scars were â€Å"hideously ugly, thick, itchy, rubbery, copper-red crablike growths. † There was, at that time, no reliable literature on treatment for these scars. Doctors found that if they removed the keloids, the often returned. Yet, if left untreated, the keloids would sometimes become infected and affect the surrounding muscles. The survivors also had a higher incidence of leukemia- 10 to 50 times higher than the norm. Other types of cancer were also higher among the survivors. Many survivors developed â€Å"A-bomb cataracts†, children's growth was stunted, as well as various long term heath problems like â€Å"anemia, liver dysfunction, sexual problems, endocrine disorders, and accelerated aging. † â€Å"The Japanese tended to shy away from the term ‘survivors'. . .. † and instead referred to them as â€Å"hibakusha†, or â€Å"explosion affected persons. † The hibakusha's â€Å"lived in an economic limbo† as the Japanese government didn't want to acknowledge them. By not acknowledging them, the government didn't have to accept â€Å"moral responsibility for the heinous acts of the victorious United States. † At this point, â€Å"the anger of many hibakusha. . . modulated towards their own government. † There were no special provisions provided for the hibakusha until 1957. In 1957, the A-Bomb Victims Medical Care Law was established. This provided support, free medical treatment, and eventually monthly allowances for the hibakusha's. However, many hibakusha's initially rejected it as they had â€Å"a suspicion of ulterior motives. † Employers developed a prejudice against the hibakusha due to their â€Å"A-Bomb sickness; a nagging weakness and weariness, dizziness now and then, digestive troubles, all aggravated by a feeling of oppression, a sense of doom. . . † Surprisingly, there was a divided opinion about the use of the bomb on Hiroshima. Father Siemes stated that, â€Å"Some of us consider the bomb in the same category as poison gas and were against its use on a civilian population. Others were in the opinion that in total war. . . there was no difference between civilians and soldiers. . . † Hiroshima was engulfed by devastation from the instant the atomic bomb went off, and for many years to follow. Over 100,000 lost their lives, and the survivors, or hibakusha, lost the lives they once knew. As we move forward with new technology, we must look to the ahead to see the future outcomes new technologies could hold. Hopefully, as we look to the future, we remember that atomic power can be devastating. It is amazing that something so small could nearly level an entire city, cost thousands their lives, and still has reverberating effects long after the dust has settled.

Scientific Method and Life.in Short Science

Do you know what is science? Generally, science is a body that seeks to organize knowledge systematically and in a way that is testable and that allow the process of prediction. We are always finding new discoveries, and we are using more modern tools that are more accurate. If it is in right hands then it is a blessing to man otherwise it can make life miserable. Science has made our live easy and comfortable but on other hands it has also created some destructive instruments which give much power to man that's why we should teach science technically not formally. first we will consider its merits .Science is man's helpmate. In the field of health modern techniques of science are being introduced. Difficult surgical operation have become routine in the field of medicines. it is the science that has helped the blind to see,deaf to hear and lame to walk. Life has been quick,easy and luxurious with the invention of many types of machines i. e air conditioner,mixture,refrigerator etc. I nvention of car,aeroplane and rockets etc have shortened the distance. Atomic energy is another recent scientific achievement. Atomic reactors are producing cheaper source of power and energy.The computer and internet has brought great change in our life. In short science is the key of success. On the other hand science has some demerits also. science has provided us with fearful weapons of human destruction. Science has given us atom bomb and hydrogen bomb. These inventions have opened up with frightful possibilities of bacteriological warfare,all of which can wipe out entire nation in no time. Computer is the most wonderful invention but the misuse of computer is creating many problems like student waste their time in net cafe's and in playing video games. People are going away from healthy way of life.Children learn from their parents, siblings, other relatives as well as from teachers. They learn from movies, television, radio, magazines as well as from schoolbooks and the schoo l environment. Science teachers should exploit the rich resources of the larger community and involve parents and other concerned adults in useful ways. It is also important for teachers to recognize that some of what their students learn informally is wrong, incomplete, poorly understood, or misunderstood, but that formal education can help students to restructure that knowledge and acquire new knowledge.Looking at the two aspects of modern science,we conclude that science by itself is neither good nor bad. it is the will and intentions of man,which makes him,put it to constructive use or take it to the path of devil. Science is knowledge of observation and analyzing facts. There is nothing good or bad with science. It is like knife, which may be used to cut branches of trees or vegetables and at the same time could be used to cut the throat of a man. It is all to man how he uses it.

abortion Essays (813 words) - RTT, Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays

Abortion is the act of destroying an un-born fetus in a woman?s womb. Its known as one of the most controversial issues discussed in today?s society. The topic can be put into two categories; pro-choice, and pro-life. Those who support pro-choice believe that abortion is a woman?s right, and that abortion is acceptable. While on the hand those who support pro-life believe, abortion is morally wrong, and can be considered murder. However the issue has caused a great deal of turmoil in the world. Some protesters have even killed other people over this issue, which is ironic because killing human beings is exactly what those people are protesting. Pro-choice advocates argue that abortion is not murder, because life does not begin until the child is born, or sometime relatively close. Since the idea of life depends on ones religious, and theological views, it can make a complicated argument. However, from a scientific stand point, theres no room for argument. Scientist believe life begins at conception, and continues until birth. The definition of alive is, that a being is growing, developing, maturing, and replacing its own dying cells, which a fetus is capable of doing. Pro-choice advocates have argued that a woman had the right to her own body, and that the government shouldn?t be able to control a woman?s body, which is true. A woman, just like any other human being should have complete control to their own bodies. Having an abortion is murder, it is giving a woman the right to murder an unborn fetus. A woman has the right to get pregnant, and should take full advantage of all the possibilities and options while getting pregnant. Allowing a woman to have an abortion, is allowing a woman to commit murder. Abortion is immoral and wrong, with the exceptions in cases of incest, rape, and when the mother?s life is in danger. Using abortion as a form of birth control is murder, it is killing an unborn fetus. Believing that abortion is a woman?s right to her own body is startling to believe. Never has a state granted a citizen the right to have another person killed in order to solve a personal, social, or financial dilemmas. Abortion can also lead to many physical, and or mental problems. About 10 percent of women who have an abortion will suffer immediate complications. And about 2 percent are considered life threatening. Another likely complication is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, which can later lead to infertility. Some of the more major complications which can occur at the time of an abortion are: Genital Tract Infection, excessive bleeding, embolism, ripping or perforation of the uterus, anesthesia complications, convulsions, hemorrhage, cervical injury, and endotoxic shock. The most common "minor" complications include: infection, bleeding, fever, second degree burns, chronic abdominal pain, vomiting, and gastro-intestinal disturbances. Post-Abortion Syndrome better known as PAS can be a mental after affect from abortion. A Los Angeles Times survey back in 1989 showed that 56% of women who had an abortion felt guilty, and 26% felt guilty about having an abortion Abortion isn?t always successful, there are about 50 failed abortions cases a year. A failed abortion is when a woman attempts an abortion and the fetus survives. Fused joints, Cerebral Palsy, growth retardation, missing limbs, or digit abnormalities and other congenital problems are just some of the medical complications that can result after abortion. A failed abortion can either be a continued intrauterine pregnancy or can also take place as an ectopic pregnancy. A continued pregnancy is a normal pregnancy, in which the woman can go on to give birth to her baby. An Ectopic is a pregnancy that takes place in the fallopian tubes and is not a result of the abortion, its a natural occurrence, and can actually be the reason of the failed abortion. Ectopic pregnancies that are not terminated can be fatal. After having an abortion there are many effects that can occur in future pregnancies. About 24.3 percent of women experience complications in future pregnancies, after having an abortion. Excessive bleeding, premature delivery, cervical damage, and even infertility are just some of the complications that women can experience after an abortion. Placenta previa, a condition producing extremely severe,